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3-AXIS ACCELEROMETER

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the 3 separate (orthogonal) components of the acceleration of a motion.

Specification

Single Range: -58.8 m/s² to 58.8 m/s²(or -6 g to 6 g)
Accuracy: ±10 % of operating range
Response Frequency: 100 Hz

ACCELEROMETER

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the acceleration of a motion.

Specification

Single Range: -245 m/s² to 245 m/s² (or -25 g to 25 g)
Accuracy: ±1 % of operating range

Illustrative Experiment

The Accelerometer was used to monitor the acceleration when a lift moved. The graph shows the change in acceleration for the lift to start moving from the ground floor and stop at the nineth floor.

BAROMETER

Description

The sensor is designed for weather studies. It can be used as an altimeter. It can also be used for experiments involving pressures close to normal atmospheric pressure.

Specification

Single Range: 0.69 atm to 1.05 atm (or 20.6 inHg to 31.5 inHg, 524 mmHg to 798 mmHg, -400 m to 3000 m)
Accuracy: ±2 % of reading

CARBON DIOXIDE SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Specification

Range: 0 to 50,000 ppm
Accuracy: ±20 % of reading
Response Time: 90 % of full-scale reading in
120 s
Warm-up Time: 5 minutes
Operating Temperature Range: -10 to 50 °C
Operating Humidity Range: 5 to 95 % RH
Storage Temperature Range: -20 to 60 °C
Storage Humidity Range: 5 to 90 % RH
Input Voltage: 5 VDC ± 0.25 VDC

Illustrative Experiment

The CO₂ Gas Sensor was used to monitor the amount of CO₂ in a bottle containing several tens of small beetles. The graph shows that the amount of CO₂ increased gradually over time, demonstrating that the beetles did produce CO₂.

CHARGE SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to provide quantitative measurements of charge.

Specification

Triple Range
Low Range: -5 nC to 5 nC
Mid Range: -20 nC to 20 nC
High Range: -99 nC to 99 nC
Accuracy: ±5 %

COLORIMETER

Description

This sensor is designed to determine the concentration of solution by analyzing its color intensity.

Specification

Single Range: 0 % to 100 % Transmittance
Wavelengths: 465 nm, 520 nm & 625 nm

Illustrative Experiment

The Colorimeter was used to measure the amount of light transmitted through a series of calibrated solutions. A calibration curve can thereby be obtained to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.

CONDUCTIVITY SENSOR

Description

The sensor is designed to measure either solution conductivity or total ion concentration of aqueous samples.

Specification

Triple Ranges
Low Range: 0 to 400 μS/cm
Mid Range: 0 to 4,000 μS/cm
High Range: 0 to 40,000 μS/cm
Accuracy: ±1 % of operating range
Operating Temperature: 0 to 80 °C
Electrode Type: Epoxy, graphite surface

Illustrative Experiment

The Conductivity Sensor was used to measure the concentration of ions in the water surrounding a piece of salt-infused agar cube. The concentration of ions in water increased gradually due to diffusion. The rate of diffusion depends on the surface area to volume ratio of the agar cube.

CURRENT SENSOR (±2.5A)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure current, but cater to wider range measurements.

Specification

Single range: - 2.5 A to 2.5 A
Accuracy: ±2 % of operating range (after proper zeroing)
Input Type: DC or AC
Input Design: Differential
Current Sensing Resistor: 0.22 Ω
Max. Over-Current: 3.0 A (prolonged over-current will damage sensor)

CURRENT SENSOR (±0.3A, ±1A)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the amount of current, and can be used for both direct-current (DC) and alternating-current (AC).

Specification

Dual range
Low Range: -0.3 A to 0.3 A
High Range: -1 A to 1 A
Accuracy: ±2 % of operating range (after proper zeroing of sensor)
Input Type: DC or AC
Resistor: 1 Ω
Input Protection: at least ±75 V
Input Impedance: 367 kΩ
Input Design: Floating and differential
Max. Over-Current: 1.5 A (prolonged over-current will damage sensor)

Illustrative Experiment

The Current Sensor was used to measure the induced current generated when a magnet fell through a coil. The graph shows the change in induced current with time.

CURRENT SENSOR (±20mA, ±200mA)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure very low current, and can be used for both direct-current (DC) and alternating-current (AC).

Spesification

Dual range
Low Range: -20 mA to 20 mA
High Range: -200 mA to 200 mA
Accuracy: ±5 % of reading (after proper zeroing of sensor)
Input Design: Floating and differential

CURRENT SENSOR (±1μA)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure very low current (of the order of μA).

Spesification

Single Range: -1 μA to 1 μA
Accuracy: ±5 % of operating range

DIGITAL BALANCE

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the mass of an object.

Specification

Single Range: 0 g to 300 g
Resolution: 0.01 g

DISSOLVED OXYGEN SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the amount of oxygen dissolved in liquid.

Specification

Single Range: 0 to 20 mg/l
Accuracy: ±2 % of full scale

Illustrative Experiment

The Dissolved Oxygen Sensor was used to study photosynthesis carried out by water plants. The graph shows that the amount of dissolved oxygen increases over time, thereby demonstrating that the water plants had carried out photosynthesis.

DROP COUNTER PLATFORM

Description

This Drop Counter Platform is able to count the number of drops of liquid falling from a burette. It is specially designed to house neatly several sensors such as pH Sensor, Temperature Sensor and Conductivity Sensor as well as a burette to facilitate titration experimentations.

Specification

Input Voltage: 5 VDC ± 0.25 V
Light Source: 875 nm infrared

Illustrative Experiment

The Drop Counter Platform was used to monitor the volume of titrant added to the analyte during titration. The red graph on the left shows the change in volume when a known concentration of acid is gradually dripped into an unknown concentration of alkaline. The graph on the right shows the graph of pH versus volume.

ECG SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the subtle electrical signals produced when the heart pumps.

Specification

Single Range: 0 to 5 V
ECG Sensor Gain: 0.5 V/mV
Isolated Power Supply: Up to 3500 V

Illustrative Sensor

The graph shows the ECG signals of a healthy person at rest which were obtained with the ECG Sensor.

ETHANOL SENSOR

FLOW RATE SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the speed of flowing water.

Specification

Single Range: 0 to 4 m/s

FORCE SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure force and is able to indicate whether the force is a push or pull.

Specification

Dual Range
Low Range: -10 to 10 N
High Range: -50 to 50 N
Resolution: 0.01 N for low range & 0.05 N for high range

Illustrative Experiment

The Force Sensor was used to measure the tension of a spring attached to a ball oscillating vertically. The graph on the left shows the variation in tension over a sufficiently long period demonstrating a decrease in the amplitude of oscillation over time. The graph on the right shows the details demonstrating force’s variation with time in a sinusoidal fashion.

GAS PRESSURE SENSOR (0-250kPa)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure gas pressure.

Specification

Single Range: 0 to 250 kPa
Accuracy: ±2 % of operating range
Maximum pressure that can tolerate: 4 atm
Operating Temperature: -20 °C to +105 °C

Illustrative Experiment

The Gas Pressure Sensor was used to measure the change in gas pressure when potato’s enzyme catalysed the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. The graphs show the rates of change in gas pressure with substrates of different enzyme concentrations.

HEART RATE SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to compute your heart rate per minute automatically.

Specification

Accuracy: ±5 % of reading

ION SELECTIVE SENSOR (AMMONIUM)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the concentration of Ammonium (NH₄⁺) in aqueous samples.

Specification

Single Range: 0.1 to 18000 ppm
Accuracy: 5%
pH Range: 4 to 7.5

ION SELECTIVE SENSOR (CALCIUM)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the concentration of Calcium (Ca²⁺) in aqueous samples.

Specification

Single Range: 0.2 to 40000 ppm
Accuracy: 5%
pH Range: 3 to 10

ION SELECTIVE SENSOR (CHLORIDE)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the concentration of Chloride (Cl_-) in aqueous samples.

Specification

Single Range: 1.8 to 35000 ppm
Accuracy: 5%
pH Range: 2 to 12

ION SELECTIVE SENSOR (NITRATE)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the concentration of Nitrate (NO₃^-) in aqueous samples.

Specification

Single Range: 0.1 to 14000 ppm
Accuracy: 5%
pH Range: 2.5 to 11

IR THERMOMETER

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the temperature of an object by measuring its infrared radiation emission. It is a non-contact, fast-responding temperature measuring device.

Specification

Temperature range: -20°C to 550°C
Resolution: 1°C
Accuracy: 2% at room temperature
Emissivity: 0.95 preset
Sighting: Red laser beam < 1mW (class 2)
Field of view: 100mm diameter at 1 meter distance
Data Rate: 2.5 measurement / sec
Battery: 4 pcs AAA

LIGHT SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the intensity of light.

Specification

Dual Range
Low Range: 0 to 5,000 Lux
High Range: 0 to 130,000 Lux
Accuracy: ±4 % of the reading obtained

Illustrative Experiment

The Light Sensor was used to measure the light intensity in a room after a fluorescent lamp had been switched on. The graph shows that the intensity of fluorescent light was not stationary but rose and fell in a periodic manner.

ULTRA VIOLET (A) SENSOR

MAGNETIC FIELD SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure magnetic field strength.

Specification

Triple Range
Low Range: -4.2 to 4.2 Gauss
Medium Range: -84 to 84 Gauss
High Range: -630 to 630 Gauss
Resolution: 0.01 Gauss for low range, 0.21 Gauss for medium range & 2.1 Gauss for high range

Illustrative Experiment

The Magnetic Field Sensor was used to measure the magnetic field near a long coil before and after current was directed into it. The graph shows that the magnetic field strength increases considerably after current flowed into the coil.

MOTION SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure and track the distance of a moving object, thereby facilitating computation of velocity and acceleration.

Specification

Dual Range
Low Range: 0.15 to 1.6 m
High Range: 0.4 to 10 m
Accuracy: ±0.5 mm for low range and ±2.5 mm for high range

Illustrative Experiment

The Motion Sensor was used to monitor the motion of a bouncing ball. The graph on the left shows the distance of the ball versus time, the middle graph shows velocity versus time and the graph on the right shows acceleration versus time.

OXYGEN SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure gaseous oxygen level.

Specification

Single Range : 0 % to 27 %
Accuracy : ±1 % volume O₂ (at standard Pressure 760 mmHg)
Operating Temperature Range : -20 to 50 °C
Operating Humidity Range : 0 to 99 % RH
Gas sample method : Diffusion
Response Time : <15 seconds to 95 % of final value
Pressure Coefficient : <0.02 % signal/mBar
Pressure range : Atmospheric ±10 %
Input Voltage : 5 VDC ± 0.25 VDC

Illustrative Experiment

The Oxygen Gas Sensor was used to monitor oxygen’s level in a bottle containing several tens of small beetles. The graph shows that oxygen’s level gradually reduced over time, demonstrating that the beetles did consume oxygen.

pH SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to determine quantitatively the acidity/alkalinity of a solution in terms of the pH value.

Specification

Single Range: 0 to 14 pH
Accuracy: pH ± 0.1 (after proper calibration)
Temperature Range: 5 to 60 °C
Insertion Length: 90 mm
Diameter of Electrode: 10 mm

Illustrative Experiment

The pH Sensor was used to monitor the change in pH during titration. The green graph on the left showed the change in pH when a known concentration of acid is gradually dripped into an unknown concentration of alkaline. The graph on the right showed the graph of pH versus volume.

PHOTOGATE

Description

This sensor is designed to detect whether there is something in between the two ends of it.

Specification

Output: > 4.0V (Blocked); < 1.0V (Unblocked)
Light Source: Infra-Red with peak wavelength at 875 nm

Illustrative Experiment

The graph shows the output of the Photogate versus time when a pendulum was made to swing between it. The period of the pendulum can be readily determined by the time difference between 2 consecutive falling edges.

RADIATION SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure total alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.

Specification

Range:
mR/hr : 0.001 to 60
Count Per Minute (CPM): 0 to 65535 Count
Count Per Second (CPS): 0 to 3500 Count
Total Count : 0 to 65535 Count
Resolution: 0.001 (mR/Hr), 1 (CPM), 1 (Total), 1 (CPS)

RADIO WAVE SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the power density of radiation’s emitted by mobile phones.

Specification

Single Range: -30 to 20 dBm
Frequency Range: 50 MHz to 2 GHz

Illustrative Experiment

The Radio Wave Sensor was placed near a mobile phone to monitor the radiation that it emitted. The phone was switched on but stayed idle initially. Then someone called and the phone rang for a while before the owner answered. After a short conversation, the owner hung up the phone letting it stay idle again. The graph above shows the change in radiation versus time.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure relative humidity in air.

Specification

Single Range: 0 to 100 %
Accuracy: 5 %
Temperature Range: -20 °C to 60 °C
Comes with anti-condensation capability

Illustrative Experiment

The Relative Humidity Sensor was used to measure the transpiration rate of a twig of leaves sealed into a plastic bag. The graph shows the change in relative humidity with time.

ROTARY MOTION SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure linear/angular displacement, which facilitates computations of linear/angular velocity and acceleration. It can be used for a great variety of experimentations including those with regard to linear/angular momentum, rotational inertia, linear/angular kinematics, torque, simple harmonic motion and damped oscillation, etc..

Specification

Angular Range: -360 ° to 360 °
Resolution: 0.125 ° (high resolution), 2 ° (low resolution)
Linear Range : -1000 mm to 1000 mm
Resolution: 0.1 mm (high resolution) or 1.6 mm (low resolution)
Maximum Speed: 1 rev/s (high resolution) or 16 rev/s (low resolution)

Illustrative Experiment

The green graph shows the angular displacement of a rotating disc mounted on the rotary sensor. The red graph shows its angular velocity obtained through a differentiation of the graph of angular displacement.

SALINITY SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the total-dissolved salt content in water.

Specification

Single Range: 0 to 50 ppt
Accuracy: 1 %

Illustrative Experiment

The Salinity Sensor can be used to measure the dissolved salt content in different water bodies such as the ecopond, reservoir and sea.

SOUND LEVEL SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the loudness of sound. It employs minimal analogue components and relies on digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to achieve very high signal to noise ratio.

Specification

Dual Range
Low Range: 40 to 100 dB
High Range: 80 to 130 dB
Accuracy: ±0.1 dB

Illustrative Experiment

The Sound Level Sensor was used to monitor the sound level in a school’s canteen. The graph shows the sound level over a period before, during and after recess.

SOUND SENSOR WITH POWER AMPLIFIER

Description

This sensor is designed to measure the amplitude of sound wave impinging on it. Unlike those commonly available plastic microphones that can be easily twisted, its stainless steel body is solid and rugged.

Specification

Single Range: 20 to 20,000 Hz
Sensitivity: -58 dB ± 3 dB

Illustrative Experiment

The Sound Sensor was used to measure “Ah” sounds produced by a person. The graph shows the variation of sound’s amplitude over time.

STETHOSCOPE WITH POWER AMPLIFIER

Description

This sensor is designed to capture the sound signals generated by our heart.

Specification

Range: 30 to 16,000 Hz
Sensitivity: -42 dB ± 3 dB
Diaphragm’s Diameter: 4.7 cm

Illustrative Experiment

The graph shows the heart sound signals of a person captured using the stethoscope.

SURFACE TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Description

The Surface Temperature Sensor is designed for use in situations in which low thermal mass or flexibility is required, or for measuring the surface temperature of an object, such as skin temperature measurement.

The sensor has an exposed thermistor, and this results in an extremely rapid response time.

Specification

Range: -40 to 125 °C
Accuracy: ±0.5 °C
Response time: 5 seconds

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Description

This sensor is designed to measure temperature. Its stainless steel’s body can withstand corrosiveness that chemicals may introduce.

Specification

Single Range: -20 to 120 °C
Accuracy: ±1 °C
Sensor Type: NTC Thermistor
Sensor Body: Stainless Steel (SS316)
Body Length: 178 mm ± 2 mm
Body Diameter: 4 mm

Illustrative Experiment

The Temperature Sensor was used to obtain the cooling curves of hot water. The graph in red corresponds to one obtained with hot water in a bare cup while that in green obtained with a cup wrapped with cloth.

METAL-TIP TEMPERATURE SENSOR

THERMOCOUPLE

Description

This sensor is designed to measure temperature in the range of –200 ºC to 1200 ºC. It uses type-K thermocouple wire.

Specification

Single Range: –200 ºC to 1200 ºC

TURBIDITY SENSOR

Description

This sensor is design to measure suspended particles in water, and this provides a measure of the clarity of water.

Specification

Single Range: 0 NTU to 200 NTU
Accuracy: ±2 %

Illustrative Experiment

The Turbidity Sensor can be used to study the turbidity of water samples from different natural environments.

VOLTAGE SENSOR (±25V)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure electrical voltage, but cater to wider range measurements.

Specification

Single Range: -25 V to 25 V
Accuracy: ±1 % of operating range (after proper zeroing of sensor)
Input Type: DC or AC
Input Design: Differential
Input Impedance: 255 kΩ
Input Protection: At least ±50 V

VOLTAGE SENSOR (±1, ±6V)

Description

This sensor is designed to measure electrical voltage and can be used for both direct-current (DC) and alternating-current (AC).

Specification

Dual Range
High Range: -6 V to 6 V
Low Range: -1 V to 1 V
Accuracy: ±1 % of operating range (after proper zeroing of sensor)
Input Type: DC or AC
Input Design: floating and differential
Input Impedance: 670 kΩ
Input Protection: at least ±75 V

Illustrative Experiment

The Voltage Sensor was used to study the characteristics of capacitor’s charging and discharging. The graph shows the charging and discharging curves obtained.